Hiyoshi Shrine Festivals

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Hiyoshi Shrine Festivals

***** Location: Otsu
***** Season: Various, see below
***** Category: Observance

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Explanation



Hiyoshi Shrine (日吉大社 Hiyoshi taisha),
also known as Hiyoshi jinja (日吉神社) or Hie jinja,
is a Shinto shrine located at 大津 Ōtsu in Shiga Prefecture, Japan.

The shrine became the object of Imperial patronage during the early Heian period. In 965, Emperor Murakami ordered that Imperial messengers were sent to report important events to the guardian kami of Japan. These heihaku were initially presented to 16 shrines; and in 991, Emperor Ichijō added three more shrines to Murakami's list. Three years later in 994, Ichijō refined the scope of that composite list by adding Umenomiya Shrine and Gion Shrine, which is now known as Yasaka Jinja.

In 1039, Emperor Go-Suzaku ordered that one more shrine be added to the grouping created by Murakami and Ichijō -- the Hie jinja. This unique number of Imperial-designated shrines has not been altered since that time.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !



Sanno, the "Mountain King"
A branch of Shinto that took shape in the Tendai sect, based on the cult of the Mountain King (Sannō) at the Hiyoshi Taisha (alt., Hie Taisha), tutelary shrine (chinjusha) for the temple Enryakuji. Its early modern doctrines that concern the shrine Tōshōgū are specially distinguished as Ichijitsu Shintō, the "Shinto of the Single Reality." The original Hie deity was the mountain kami on Mt. Hiei; interaction between it and the Tendai sect began with Saichō's founding of the Enryakuji.
The appellation "Mountain King" follows a general Buddhist practice of designating mountain deities as such ...
source : Sato Masato, Kokugakuin


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kigo for late spring

Sannoo matsuri 山王祭 (さんのうまつり) Sanno Festival
Sanno sai, San-O Festival

Hiyoshi matsuri 日吉祭（ひよしまつり） Hiyoshi festival

sakaki giri 榊伐（さかきぎり）cutting sakaki branches

sarumatsuri 申祭（さるまつり）monkey festival
saru no jinku 猿の神供（さるのじんく）ritual for the monkey

uma no shinji 午の神事（うまのしんじ) ritual for the horse
hitsuji no goku 未の御供（ひつじのごく）ritual for the sheep

April 14
At the Grand Hie (Hiyoshi) Shrine at Otsu
滋賀県大津市坂本町の日吉神社
It used to be on the middle day of the monkey (naka no saru　中の申) of the Asian lunar calendar, therefore it is also called "Monkey Festival".
It dates back to 1303.
The cutting of sacred sakaki branches happens on April 3.
On the "day of the horse" the mikoshi were carried to the mountain top at midnight.
An the 12th the mikoshi are pulled out in a nightly procession illuminated with large pine torches and on the main day 7 large mikoshi parade the streets.


. WKD : Sakaki tree (sakaki 榊) .

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There are three major festivals in Otsu:

Sanno Festival - April 12-15
Senko Festival - August 16
Otsu Festival - October 9-10

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. Hie Shrine Festival (Hie Jinja Sairei 日枝神社祭礼)
Sannoo matsuri 山王祭（さんのうまつり）Sanno festival
In Edo/Tokyo
kigo for mid-summer

The Hie Jinja Shrine (Tokyo) is dedicated to Sanno Gongen (山王権現), which translates literally as "Mountain King Avatar" of Sannoo, the deity who dwells on Mt. Hiei between Kyoto and Lake Biwa.

SANNO GONGEN 山王権現
SARUGAMI 猿神
Monkeys are patrons of harmonious marriage and safe childbirth at some of the 3,800 Hie Jinja shrines in Japan. ... The monkey is Sannou's Shinto messenger (tsukai 使い) and Buddhist avatar (gongen 権現).
Sarugami is the Shinto deity to whom the three monkeys (hear, speak, see no evil) are reportedly faithful.
source : Mark Schumacher


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quote
Hiyoshi Taisha Shrine ［山王総本宮日吉大社］
Hiyoshi Taisha Shrine is the head shrine of approximately 3,800 Hiyoshi, Hie and Sanno shrines throughout Japan.

The history of Hiyoshi Taisha is long. It is recorded in "Kojiki," the oldest historiography in Japan written in 712. Its vast premises (about 430,000 m2) of this shrine are laid at the foot of Mt. Hachioji, east side of Mt. Hiei.
The shrine is comprised of two zones, Higashi Hongu (West main shrine) and Nishi Hongu (East main shrine), with many smaller shrines in the area.

In the Muromachi Period, the heyday of Hiyoshi Taisha Shrine, 108 shrines were located on its grounds and another 108 shrines outside the shrine premises.

Among many shrine buildings, main halls of Higashi Hongu (West main shrine) and Nishi Hongu (East main shrine) are designated as national treasures. Also, many structures of this shrine are recognized as important cultural assets of Japan including worship halls of the both Higashi Hongu and Nishi Hongu, Nishi Hongu Ro-mon Gate, the red two-storied gate with the carving of a monkey, and Sanno-torii Gate.

Spectacular shrine pavilions of architectural beauty, which were built in the Muromachi Period and the beginning of Edo Period, are scattered in the deep forest Mt. Hachioji and along the torrents of the Omiya River. The beauty of the autumn leaves in Hiyoshi Taisha Shrine is renowned. The premises are illuminated at night during the autumn season. In springtime many kinds of cherry blossoms fill the prefectural road from Keihan Railway Sakamoto Station to the entrance of Hiyoshi Taisha Shrine.
Also, Sanno Festival, the festival of Hiyoshi Taisha Shrine, is held in spring every year.
source : www.japan-i.jp


- quote
かつては境内108社・境外108社と言われていた。
以下に示す21社は主なものであり、山王二十一社と総称される
(Now there are 21 shrines in the compound
- one of them is dedicated to Fudo Myo-O
摂社
- shrine name - 早尾神社 Hayao Jinja
- Deity in residence - 素盞嗚神 - Susanoo no Mikoto
Old naming 早尾 -- 不動明王
- source : ja.wikipedia.org




This is a namikiri Fudo 波切不動明王.
- no photo fount yet -




There is also a
Yamakami Fudo Son 山上不動尊
in the compound, where a large sugi cedar with a shimenawa is celebrated.


Every month on the 28 fire rituals for Fudo Myo-O are held.
滋賀県大津市山上町
source :　tanuki838.web.fc2.com/Taki


. Fudō Myō-ō, Fudoo Myoo-Oo 不動明王 Fudo Myo-O
Acala Vidyârâja - Vidyaraja - Fudo Myoo .



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quote
Sannō Shinkō - Sanno Shinko
The cult that began at Hiyoshi Taisha (Hiesha) at the foot of Mount Hiei. Originally, Sannō was the "mountain kami" (yama no kami) of Mount Hiei, but came to be worshipped as the protective kami of the Tendai (Chi. T'ient'ai) sect and of the temple Enryakuji. After the mid-Heian Period, when the temple Enryakuji developed as a kenmon (central land-owning institution) temple complex, imperial court devotion to Hiesha increased.

Courts such as that of Enyū emperor (reigned 969 ~ 984) conducted occasional festivals there and finally recognized Hieisha as one of the "Twenty-two Shrines" (nijūnisha). Moreover, from the end of the Heian Period through the medieval period, Hieisha became as popular as "Kumano's Three Peaks" (Kumano sanzan) as a pilgrimage site (sankei) among everyone from emperors and retired emperors to aristocrats and commoners.

At the beginning of the medieval period, along with the popularity of belief in "child deities" (dōji) and "offspring shrines" (wakamiya), the popularity of Jūzenji shrine (currently called Jugegū – one of Sannō's seven main shrines) surpassed that of Hieisha's Ōmiya shrine in which Hiesha's principle "enshrined kami" (saijin) is worshipped.

As the protective deity of Tendai temples and of Enryakuji or Hiesha's land holdings, Sannō "emanations" became worshipped (bunshi) throughout Japan resulting in the further spread of the cult of Sannō.

Because Hiesha is located to the northeast of Kyōto, it became regarded as a guardian against the evil spirits entering the capital from "demon gate" (kimono) northeastern direction, and as a result sacred images (shinzō) of divine monkeys believed to be Sannō's "divine messengers" (shinshi) were enshrined in the northeastern corner of the Heian imperial palace.
source : Sato Masato
Kokugakuin University 2007


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quote
Numazu Hie-jinja　沼津 日枝神社 Hie Shrine in Numazu
Hie Shrine in Numazu City, Shizuoka Prefecture, had been the head guardian shrine of 22 villages in the area before the Meiji period (1868-1912). The enshrined deities are Ooyamakui no Kami The guardian god of Mt. Hiei), Oomunachi no Kami and Ootoshigami. It is said that the shrine was founded by Fujiwara no Moromichi’s mother in 1100 in the clan’s manor, which was called “Ooka-sho” at that time.

Fujiwara no Moromichi was a head of the Fujiwara clan and served as Kampaku and Udaijin. Having come into colligion with the Tendai monks in Mt. Hiei, he ordered to attack them in 1095. As some monks were wounded in the battle and this aroused anger of the monks, he was placed a curse and died young in 1099. Thus his mother transferred the three dieties of Hiyoshi Taisha Shrine in Mt. Hiei to appease the anger of the deities of Mt. Hiei.

Traditionally, the school of Shinto which believes in the guardian deity of Mt. Hiei is called the Sanno (the King of Mountain) Shinto; hereby this shrine is also called “Sanno-sha”. The annual festival held for two days from September 23 every year is popularly called “Sanno-san” by the local people and enjoyed as the representative event of the city that tells of the coming of autumn.

The shrine is also famous for the collection of important old documents including Sanno Reikenki in Shihon-Chakushoku style (paper-based colored), which is a nationally designated Important Cultural Property.
In the precinct is a stone monument inscribed with a poem by Matsuo Basho.
source : nippon-kichi.jp




都出て神も旅寝の日数哉
miyako idete kami mo tabine no hikazu kana

I left the capital
and shared many nights on the road
with the gods

Matsuo Basho, 1691

Basho had left Kyoto late in the 10th lunar month and arrived in Numazu on his way to Edo early in the 11th lunar month, just when the gods are absentin Izumo and might have been on their way home too.

. WKD : Gods are absent (kami no rusu) .

. Numazu-juku 沼津宿 Numazu postal station .


MORE - hokku about Kyoto
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


. Sumiyoshi Grand Shrine
(住吉大社, Sumiyoshi-taisha)


The shrine became the object of Imperial patronage during the early Heian period. In 965, Emperor Murakami ordered that Imperial messengers were sent to report important events to the guardian kami of Japan. These heihaku were initially presented to 16 shrines including the Sumiyoshi Shrine.

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Monkey Amulet from Hiyoshi Shrine


Click for more images!

saru monkey - a pun on the sound of SARU

ma ga saru 魔が去る evil is leaving
ma saru 魔去る evil is leaving
masaru 勝る　winning

神猿 Masaru


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O-Saru Sama お猿様 Honoarble Mister Monkey

Monkey amulets from shrine Hagi Hiyoshi Jinja in Saitama.
萩日吉神社

They are simple wooden dolls with simple monkey faces.
The wood is taken from the trees in the temple ground, a kind of willow, doro no ki 泥の木／白楊 (doro yanagi).
People used to stick one needle into the monkey, at the part they were acheing themselves,　or when the children got a stomach ache or other complaint, and hoped for the deity to cure their disease. (byooki sa saru － may the disease go away). They put the monkey on their shelf for the gods and prayed to it.
The monkey would then take on the disease and heal it, as a kind of migawari, personal substitute .

When the person gets better people would bring the monkey back in an act of gratitude (osame no saru 納めの猿).

They are sold on the special market during the festival on the third sunday in January.
At this shrine, there is also a yabusame festival, shooting arrows from horseback, once in three years.


. Saru 申 / 猿　Monkey Amulets .

. Migawari - personal substitute amulets .


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HAIKU



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Related words

***** . Gion Festival (Gion matsuri 祇園祭り)

***** . Shrine Karasaki Jinja 唐崎神社 .
and the Hiyoshi shrine in Otsu


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O no Mai Wakasa

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O no Mai (oo no mai　王の舞) dance of the king
'O-no Mai'



quote
The 'Ono Mai' dance, held every April 8th at Uwase Jinja (Shrine) is designated as one of the nation's intangible folklore cultural assets.
It involves a lively ritual dance performed as a prayer to secure good harvests, bumper catches of fish and nation-wide peace.

More about festivals in Wakasa:
source : www.wakasa-mikatagoko.jp

source : www.town.fukui-wakasa.lg.jp


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Uwase Shrine (宇波西神社), Mikata, on April 8th.
The dancer, who wore a red-faced and long-nosed mask (like Tengu) and dressed in red clothes, performed a valiant dance to wish a bumper harvest this year.





Water-spouting statue of cormorant in Temizuya
(手水舎, purification trough) at Uwase Jinja (宇波西神社).
Uwase Jinja enshrines Ugayafukiaezu-no-mikoto (鵜草葺不合尊, meaning "cormorant-rush-thatching-unfinished"), who is the father of Emperor Jinmu, and is originated in a folklore with a cormorant. Cormorant is a holy bird here.

- Shared by Taisaku Nogi -
Joys of Japan, 2012

- More photos on FB by Taisaku Nogi

. temizuya 手水舎　purification font, purification trough .


This dance is performed at many shrines in the Wakasa region. Probably its origin was a "Dragon King Dance" ryuuoo no mai 竜王の舞.
Or
maybe people chased a wild oxen and put on a tengu mask to chase it.

The first dance is performed with long spears, and sometimes called
sanben kaeshi 三遍返し（さんべんかえし）
followed by
honmai 本舞 main dance
suzume odori 雀踊り（すずめおどり）dance of the starlings
nigirimeshi ニギリメシ "Nigiri rice balls"

Every shrine has its own unique version of the dance, which is performed at the Shrine Spring Festival. In Wakasa, this is the sign that spring has finally come.

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Shrine Uwase Jinja 宇波西神社
Mikata, Wakasa 三方郡　若狭　
上瀬宮 (Kamise no miya)

Uwase shinji 宇波西神事 Uwase Shinto ritual
宇波西神社の神事芸能



source :　fujun/archives

This shrine was one of the most important along the Hokuriku coast of Japan.
The customs came from Hyuuga in Miyazaki 日向（宮崎県), here called Hiruga 日向（ひるが) around 701. On the 8th day of the third lunar month, each home was purified (yagitoo やぎとう) by a Shinto ritual, complete with Dengaku dance and food offerings.
(This is now celebrated on April 8.)

In the village of Hiruga, once the fisherman Rokuro-Uemon 六郎右衛門 was visited by a cormorant, who asked him to help a princess at the bottom of the sea. At the bottom he found a sword, which be brought to his home and prayed to it on his Shinto house altar. Then in his dream the deity Ugayafukiaezu appeared and ordered him to build a shrine and pray to him at Kamise 上瀬. This is the old name of Uwase shrine.


Deitiy in residence



鵜草葺不合尊 Ugayafukiaezu no mikoto
盧茲草葺不合尊
father of Jinmu Tenno 神武天皇


quote
Ugayafukiaezu
Other names: Hikonagisatake ugayafukiaezu no mikoto(Kojiki)

The son of Hohodemi (Ninigi's son) and Toyotamabime (Watatsumi's daughter); the father of Emperor Jinmu.
Ugayafukiaezu's name ("cormorant-rush-thatching-unfinished") is associated with the events of his birth; according to an "alternate writing" related by Nihongi, the name was given by his mother Toyotamabime.
As an offspring of the imperial grandchild by a sea goddess, he was born within a parturition hut built beside the seashore. But his mother's labor began before the parturition hut was fully thatched with cormorant feathers, and Toyotamabime was seen in labor by Ninigi.
In humiliation, Toyotamabime wrapped the newborn child in grass, and abandoned him by the seashore, where he was found and raised by Toyotamabime's sister Tamayoribime. (Tamayori hime)

According to another "alternate writing" of Nihongi, Toyotamabime could not bring herself to abandon the child, and took him up and returned with him to her palace in the sea. Since she felt it unfit that an offspring of the Heavenly Grandchild be raised within the sea, however, she gave him to her sister Tamayoribime to be taken to the land.
Ugayafukiaezu later married his aunt Tamayoribime and fathered the kami Itsuse no mikoto, Inahi no mikoto, Mikenu no mikoto, and
Kamuyamatoiwarebiko (Emperor Jinmu).
source : Mori Mizue, Kokugakuin 2005


玉依姫
. Tamayori Hime from Yoshino Mikumari Jinja .


. Samekawa Ablutions (Samekawa misogi ) .
佐女川神社（さめがわじんじゃ） Shrine Samegawa Jinja
with
Tamayori hime no mikoto 玉依姫命（たまよりひめのみこと）


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Things found on the way


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HAIKU


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Related words

. U 鵜（う）cormorant .
The cormorant is the sacred animal of the deity
鵜草葺不合尊 Ugayafukiaezu no mikoto


. The Dragon Art Gallery – 2012 .

***** . Japan - Shrines and Temples .


. Amulets and Talismans from Japan .　

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Oyamato Shrine Festivals

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for koma inu　狛犬 guardian dogs see below


Ooyamato Shrine Festivals

***** Location: Nara, Tenri Village
***** Season: See below
***** Category: Observance

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Explanation

Ooyamato shinkoosai 大和神幸祭 (おおやまとしんこうさい)
Festival at shrine Oyamato Jinja
chanchan matsuri ちゃんちゃん祭 Chanchan festival

observance kigo for late spring



source :　iron.cocolog-nifty.com/matsuri
大和神社ちゃんちゃん祭り


April 1
at the shrine Ooyamato Jinja 大和神社 Oyamato Jinja
奈良県天理市新泉

The mikoshi is carried to the large stone otabisho 御旅所 resting place.

source and more photos :　tyantyan/index.html
中山町での「お旅所祭」
The tabisho is also called 岸田の市場.


Many prayer gongs (shooko) 鉦鼓　are rung when the mikoshi arrives, therefore the festival is also called "chanchan", like the sound of the gongs.


Chimaki mochi 粽餅 steamed rice dumplings are offered to the deities.

Various dances are performed.
ryuu no mai 龍の舞 "dragon dance"
.....「竜の口」舞い

ta no mi no mai 田の実の舞 "field fruit dance"
ogina mai 翁舞 a kind of sarugaku dance

Showing the sacred horse 神馬曳き and other rituals.



MORE
photos from this festival :
source : 09-6tyantyan



quote
Held on April 1, this is the annual high festival (reitaisai) of Ōyamato Jinja in Tenri City, Nara Prefecture.
On the day before the festival, those people who are to participate in the togyo (sacred procession) present offerings of taihei (large nusa, ritual purification wands) at the shrine. In an event called the yoimiya watashi, the shinshoku (priest) receives the taihei and makes a ceremonial offering (hōbei) with the performance of a norito.

The Chan-chan matsuri begins at ten o'clock the next morning, and with the transfer of the god (mitama utsushi) to the shin'yo (sacred palanquin) at approximately two o'clock, the procession sets forth. The syllables "chan-chan," representing the sound of the bells that accompany the procession to the otabisho (temporary destination or resting point), became the common name of the festival.

This is also the largest shinkō procession among festivals in the Yamato region. During the otabisho rites, there are offerings (kensen) of steamed rice cakes (chimaki mochi) and dedications (hōnō) of artistic performances.
source : Mori Sakae, Kokugakuin 2007


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Deities in residence are

Yamato no Ookuni Tama no Kami 倭大国魂神
（やまとのおおくにたまのかみ）
Okunitama no Kami
日本大国魂大神 in the central hall 中殿

Yachihoko no Kami 八千矛神（やちほこのかみ）to the left

Mi-Toshi no Kami 御年神（みとしのかみ） / 御年大神 to the right

. Toshigami 年神 God of the Year .
, Toshidon and other names


quote
Yamatonoōkunitama
[Yamato no ōkunitama] (Nihongi)
Other names: Yamato no ōkunitama no kami
The central deity (saijin) of the Ōyamato Shrine, but possessing ambiguous attributes. According to Nihongi's record of the sixth year of Emperor Sujin's reign, Yamato no Ōkunitama was originally enshrined together with Amaterasu ōmikami inside the palace, but the emperor feared the power of the two kami, and decided to no longer dwell under the same roof with them. Amaterasu possessed the maiden Toyosukiirihime no mikoto and led her to a new place of enshrinement at Kasanui no mura in Yamato, while
Yamato no Ōkunitama possessed Nunakiirihime no mikoto and was enshrined at the Ōyamato Shrine.

In his Kojikiden, Motoori Norinaga denied the theory that Yamato no Ōkunitama was the same as Ōkuninushi no kami, but the Ōyamato Jinja chūshinjō (1167) claims that Ōkunitama is the "rough spirit" (aramitama) of Ōnamuchi (another name for Ōkuninushi).
source : Matsunaga Naomichi, Kokugakuin 2005


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Other festivals


1月4日 -- January 4
O-yumi hajime 御弓始式 First Archery Offering
from the Ogasawara line of archery 小笠原流弓術

Sansan kudebasami shiki 三々九手挟式 shooting ritual

The arrows for this ritual are called
jintooya 神頭矢 and made from white shirano bamboo 白箆.
Feathers from an eagle or hawk.
source :　ogasawararyu kamakura


. WKD : Horses and Yabusame .

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6月30日 -- June 30
chinowa kuguri 茅の輪くぐり Summer purification

. Summer Purification Ceremony (nagoshi) .
chinowa 茅の輪 sacred ring
passing through the sacred ring, wagoshi matsuri　輪越祭


More festivals at the shrine:
source : ooyamato

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quote
Oyamato Shrine
is located in Tenri City, Nara Pref. It was called “Yamato no Miya” in ancient times. It is said that Emperor Sujin (B.C. 97-30), who was afraid of the sacred power of Okunitama no Okami, which was enshrined at the Imperial Place with Amaterasu Okami, ordered his daughter, Nunaki Iri Hime, to relocate it to this place. Later the emperor built the shrine here, assigning Ichishi no Nagaoichi as the head priest.


In the early Heian period, the shrine flourished and possessed the second largest shrine territory next to Ise shrine.
However with the capital relocation to Kyoto, the shrine fell into decline. From the nominal link, the deity of this shrine was imparted to Battle Ship Yamato, and the war memorial stone for the crew on Yamato is placed in the precinct.
Annual festival of “Chan Chan Festival,” in which a parade of people in ancient costumes walk through the town, carrying mikoshi and beating shoko (bronze gongs), is enjoyed by people as the charming sight of the spring.
source : nippon-kichi.jp




Homepage of the shrine: OOYAMATO SHIRINE 大和神社
source : ooyamato


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狛犬大神 Komainu Daijin
八幡大神 Hachiman Daijin
道祖大神 Dooso Daijin
The amulets come in a beautiful wooden box.


a shrine with the same kanji, but different reading

小諸市の大和神社（やまとじんじゃ)
Shrine Yamato Jinja, Komoro Town, Nagano
from 宗教法人「紀元会」Kigen Kai
source : cult.s295


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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


. Ookunitama 大国魂神社 Okunitama Jinja .
Miya-Machi,Fuchu-Shi,Tokyo


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quote
komainu, koma inu　狛犬
Lit. 'Korean dog'.
A pair of lion-like guardian figures placed at each side of a shrine or temple entrance; believed to ward off evil spirits. Thought to have been brought to Japan from China via Korea, their name is derived from Koma 高麗, the Japanese term for the Korean kingdom of Koguryo 高句麗.

In the early Heian period (9c) the two statues were clearly distinguished: the figure on the left, called shishi 獅子 (lion), resembled a lion with its mouth open agyou 阿形;
the figure on the right, called komainu 狛犬 (Korean dog), resembled a dog with its mouth closed ungyou 吽形, and sometimes had a horn on its head.
Gradually the term komainu came to be used for both statues, and their shapes became indistinguishable except for the open and closed mouths a-un 阿吽. In the Heian period (9-12c) komainu were used as weights or door-stops for curtains and screens in the Seiryouden 清涼殿, Kyoto Gosho 京都御所.

Other famous examples include a pair of painted wooden komainu (10-11c) at Yakushiji 薬師寺, Nara; 14 painted and lacquered wooden figures at Itsukushima Jinja 厳島神社,(12-14c) Hiroshima prefecture, and the stone figures inside the south gate of Toudaiji 東大寺, Nara, made by the 12c Chinese sculptor Chinnakei 陳和卿.
source : www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus






. Shiisa シーサー Lion Dogs from Okinawa.



- quote -
The term A-un (阿吽) is the transliteration in Japanese of the two syllables "a" and "hūṃ". Written in Devanagari as अहूँ.
The original Sanskrit term
is composed of two letters, the first and the last of the Sanskrit alphabet. Together, they symbolically represent the beginning and the end of all things. In Japanese Mikkyō Buddhism, the letters represent the beginning and the end of the universe.
The term is also used
in Shinto and Buddhist architecture to describe the paired statues common in Japanese religious settings, most notably the Niō and the komainu. In most cases one of the two, the right one, has its mouth open to pronounce the sound "a", while the other has it closed to utter the sound "um". The symbolism is the same already seen. The generic name for statues with an open mouth is agyō (阿形 lit. "a" shape), that for those with a closed mouth ungyō (吽形 lit. "un" shape").
The term a-un
is used figuratively in some Japanese expressions as "a-un breathing" (阿吽の呼吸 a-un no kokyū) or "a-un relationship" (阿吽の仲 a-un no naka), indicating an inherently harmonious relationship or non-verbal communication.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Komainu Daruma　だるま狛犬


source : facebook

市ヶ谷亀岡八幡宮 Kameoka Hachimangu

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. shishigashira 獅子頭 lion head mask .


. koma usagi 狛兎 rabbit statues as guardians at the gate .
Tsuki Jinja 調神社 , Saitama


. koma ...　 狛　 shrine guardian animals .

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in the limelight
for two seconds -
photographer's luck!


. Shrine Ichi no Miya, Wadakita, Ohaga .
和田北 一宮神社, my local shrine


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HAIKU



郷中の旗押し立てて春祭　　
gojuu no hata oshi-tatete haru matsuri

all over my home village
the flags are jostling -
spring festival

丘ひとつすっぽり包む桃の花

常朝
With more photos
source : teisyo.blogspot.com



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Related words

***** . NEW YEAR - the complete SAIJIKI

***** . Drums and Gongs .



source :　facebook
Tokyo Asakusa Sanja Jinja 浅草『三社神社』　
. Amulets and Talismans from Japan .　

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. Join the Komainu Gallery on facebook .
The latest updates are here !

. koma-inu 狛犬 / 高麗犬 / 胡麻犬 "Korean Dog" .
- Introduction -

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Toowan kuyo for bowls

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Ritual for Chinese bowls (toowan kuyoo )

***** Location: Chiba, Japan
***** Season: Early Spring
***** Category: Observance

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Explanation

Toowan Kuyoo 唐椀供養 (とうわんくよう)
memorial service for Chinese bowls

Last Sunday in March

at the temple Manmanji 万満寺, Matsudo town, Chiba
千葉県松戸市馬橋


source :　karawan.htm



This is a ritual to ward off paralysis from bleeding in the brain and other effects of bad health (chuuki 中気除け) and after a purifying fire ritual of chopsticks and Chinese bowls, food is served in these bowls.
This ritual dates back to 1591, when Tokugawa Ieyasu passed here and was the first to eat from a purified rice bowl.

After the food is eaten, pilgrims crawl under the legs of the large Nio-Statue to ward off evil for the next year.


source :　www.matsudo-kankou.jp


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quote
Manman-ji (万満寺 - 萬満寺)
is a Buddhist temple located in the city of Matsudo in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. The temple was built by Chiba Yoritane in 1256, originally as a Shingon Buddhist temple named Dainichi-ji, but was renamed Manman-ji in 1312.

Between 1532 and 1555 Takagi Tanetatsu, a regional leader, invited the Rinzai Zen priest Kinho from Daitoku-ji in Kyoto to the region. Over the next several years the area gained many adherents to Rinzai Zen, and Manman-ji became an important place of worship.



Manman-ji owns numerous examples of Buddhist statues of the Muromachi period.

The temple is located along the old road from Edo to Mito (Mito Kaido 水戸街道).
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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The only Temple of Fudo Myo-O that offers a ritual

to ward off paralysis 中気除け chuuki yoke
chuuki 中気 paralysis (from bleeding in the brain)



Nioo mata kuguri 仁王尊股くぐり
During the three days of the New Year celebrations and at the big temple festivals in Spring and Autumn it is possible to crawl under the legs of the Nio statues, which is another special ritual not seen in Japan. It will ward off evil influence and keep you healthy, especially in times of smallpox in the Edo period.
It used to be a custom of local people, mostly bringing their sick children.
But later it spread and even Daimyo lords came to perform this ritual.

. . . . .



Mizukake Fudo 水掛不動 Fudo to pour water over


Homepage of the temple
source : www.manmanji.or.jp




Other festivals of this temple

１月 - 新年厄除け祈祷(三が日間)
３月 - 不動尊春季大祭(27日～29日)
５月 - 水子、早世者合同供養（母の日）
８月 - Daisegaki e 大施餓鬼会(16日)
11月 - こども厄除祈祷(15日前後の日曜日)
12月 - Shimai Fudoo 終不動(28日) Last Fudo ritual of the year


source : www.manmanji.or.jp/gyouji.htm

. . . . .

. Fudo Myo-O 不動明王 Acala Vidyârâja .


. Mizukake Fudo 水掛不動明王 .


. Nio, Deva Kings 仁王 (Nioo, Niou) .


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***** . Chawan ご飯茶碗 rice bowl .


***** . OBSERVANCES – SPRING SAIJIKI .


. Amulets and Talismans from Japan .　

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Keta Shrine Kunimuke Festival

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Kunimuke festival (oide matsuri)
Shrine Keta Taisha in Ishikawa

***** Location: Ishikawa, Japan
***** Season: Mid-Spring
***** Category: Observance

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Explanation

Oide matsuri 御出祭 (おいでまつり) "Departure Festival"
(Ode matsuri おでまつり【御出祭】) . 平国（おいで）祭
..... Kunimuke matsuri 平国祭（くにむけまつり）Kunimuke Festival
(Keat Heikunisai 気多平国祭（けたへいこくさい）)

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Shrine Keta Jinja 気多神社



Keta taisha(気多大社 - Keta Big shrine) is the head shrine of Noto district, in Hakui Town, Ishikawa prefecture.
The deity of this shrine is known as the god of love, and many young women come to wish for good love and marriage.

Dedicated to Oanamuji no mikoto (大己貴命).

Festivals of the shrine: U-matsuri, Hirakuni-matsuri.

Many people have seen UFO flying from the back mountain of this shrine.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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quote
Mogi Sakae wrote:

A shinkōsai 神幸祭 (processional festival) held from March 18 to 23 at Keta Jinja 気多神社, Hakui City 石川県羽咋市 , Ishikawa Prefecture.


能登生國魂神社(氣多本宮) Keta Hongu


The festival name is also read heikokusai 平国祭. It is a rite that recollects the territorial pacification exploits of the saijin (main enshrined kami) Ōnamuchi no mikoto.




A grand procession with a shinme (a horse upon which the kami rides 神馬) at the head makes a round trip from Keta Shrine to Ikukuni tamahiko Shrine 生国魂神社 in Nanao City, a trip of a hundred and several tens of kilometers lasting five nights and six days.

It is said that spring comes to the Noto region with this festival. Although in former times this used to be a rite in which a shin'yo (sacred palanquin) processed around the entire province, it is now limited to the counties of Hakui and Kajima.

In the procession the shinme is in the lead, with long-handled scythes, shrine name flags, rice chests, standards, shishinboko (four-kami pikes, shishin no hoko シジンノホコ 四神矛), bows and arrows, kunimuke hiroboko (wide-bladed kunimuke halberds 広矛（ひろほこ）, and mounted priests in front and behind, protecting the shin'yo.

On the first day it travels around the northern area of Hakui County, stopping at Takiya Shrine in Hakui Town.
On the second day, the procession moves around the southern area and stops over night at the Inoyama Shrine in Inoyama Town.
On the third day it enters Kajima District and proceeds to the Noto Ikukunitamahiko Shrine. This is another name for Keta Jingū and is regarded as its original shrine.

When the shin'yo enters the shrine the people who have been accompanying it raise a shout and pour into the shrine precincts (keidai). The mounted priests proceed into the grounds as well.
However, in recent years, it is said that if they fall off their horses there will be an abundant harvest, so it has become quite wild.

On the fourth day they begin their return journey from Nanao to Kajima County, stopping at Shirahiko Shrine in Toriya Town.

On the fifth day they pass through the towns in the Noto area on their return to the main shrine (honsha). This is also called the oide matsuri (Departure Festival). The shin'yo is enshrined in the haiden (worship hall) until the Oisumi reisai (annual festival) on April 3.
Another name for this (latter) festival is the Eye of the Snake Rite (Ja no me shinji) in which a snake eye target representing the great serpent that Ōnamuchi no mikoto vanquished is destroyed with long swords, halberds and bows and arrows.



There is a kunimuke festival on May 21
at Hiraoka Jinja in Higashi Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture
河内枚岡神社.



In addition to the main ritual observance, at present the priests merely wave and offer halberds to the kami. The rite is said to originate in the myth relating the occasion of Nagasunehiko's prevention of Emperor Jinmu's eastern movement over Ikoma Mountain during the latter's pacification campaign of the Yamato region.

Formerly there was a ceremonial event in which participants went into the mountains in the evening to collect wood. Then they ran around striking the shrine buildings and the worship hall with the collected wood before returning home. In pre-modern times this occurred on February 1, but was abolished with the Meiji Resoration.
It was revived in the seventh year of the Taishō era (1918), and since then has been observed on the present festival day.

source : Kokugakuin University. 2006


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Keta Taisha U Matsuri 気多大社鵜祭
Cormorant festival at Shrine Keta Taisha
December 16



Cormorants are set free before the festival and if they came back to the shrine ground, they were captured and set free at the nearby beach again.



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Shrine Sukunahiko no kami kataishi jinja
宿那彦神像石神社（すくなひこのかみかたいし）




Takeminakata no kami 建御名方神（たけみなかたのかみ）
son of Oanamuji no mikoto

. Sukunahikona no mikoto 少彦名命 Sukuna Hikona, Sukuna-Hikona .

These two deities held a comparison of their powers by trying to destroy a poisonous snake from the region.




They used special weapons like sickles, which are in a tree trunk to our day.
鎌の宮神木 kama no miya shingi


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. yakuyoke　厄除け amulet against evil .


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. jinme, shinba, shinme 神馬 sacred horses in Japan 　　


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***** ukai 鵜飼 (うかい) cormorant fishing


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Tsunemochi Festival

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Tsunemochi Festival (Tsunemochi matsuri)

***** Location: Chichibu, Japan
***** Season: Mid-Spring
***** Category: Observance

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Explanation

Tsunemochi matsuri 恒持祭 (つねもちまつり)
Tsunemochi festival

Yamada no haru matsuri 山田の春祭り
Spring festival of Yamada

Second Sunday in March
(It used to be the 15th day of the third lunar month.)

At shrine Tsunemochi Jinja 恒持神社 in Chichibu, Saitama.


source and more photos :　kanto/yamada

One "flower float (kasaboko 笠鉾) is pulled around the town. It is decorated with paper flowers. Three other festival floats (yatai 屋台) are also in the parade.
When they reach the shrine, there are dance performances.
The wheels of the floats are lubricated with green onion leaves, to remind people of the hard times when oil was not available.

With a performance of Tsunemochi Shrine Kagura dance 恒持神社神楽.
Children in colorful robes also perform traditional dances on the floats.

At night, they are illuminated and fireworks held in the shrine compound.

This festival is to ward off evil and prevent insects from harming the harvest for the coming year.

The mountainous Chichibu region is famous for its many festivals. This is one of the larger ones and brings spring to the region.

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source :　matsuri/cat

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Tsunemochi Jinja 恒持神社 in Chichibu, Saitama.
秩父市山田1606

This present shrine was erected in 1908, when three local shrines were grouped together.

It is also said to be in honor of prince Tsunemochi Oo 恒望王, brother of the famous Heike leader Takamochi Oo 高望王 (Taira no Takamochi 平高望) around 889.
His office was at Araki 新木, now the shrine is located here.

The deity in residence is a god of water 水の神, who provides water from the top of Mount Takashinoyama 高篠山. At the spring near the top of the mountain is the Dragon Shrine 竜神社 Ryuu jinja.


quote
The Taira (Heishi 平氏) were one of the four important clans that dominated Japanese politics during the Heian period (794-1185) -
the others were the Fujiwara, the Tachibana and the Minamoto.
The Kammu Heishi line, founded in 889 by Taira no Takamochi (a great-grandson of the 50th Kammu tenno, reigned 781-806), proved to be the most strong and dominant line during the late Heian period with Taira no Kiyomori eventually forming the first samurai dominated government in the history of Japan.
A great-grandson of Heishi Takamochi, Taira no Korihira, moved to Ise Province (now part of Mie Prefecture) and established a major daimyo dynasty.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !



. WKD : Taira no Kiyomori 平 清盛 .


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***** . OBSERVANCES – SPRING SAIJIKI .


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Zama Ikasuri Shrine Festival

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Zama festival (Zama matsuri )

***** Location: Osaka, Japan
***** Season: Late summer
***** Category: Observance

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Explanation

Zama matsuri 座摩祭 (ざままつり) Zama festival
Zama no misogi 座摩の御祓（ざまのみそぎ） Zama purification

Zama jinja 座摩神社 shrine Zama jinja, 坐摩神社 Ikasuri Jinja
July 21 until 23
3 Watanabe, 4-chome, Kyutaro-machi, Chuo-ku, Osaka City


quote
Ikasuri Shrine
beloved by the public under the nickname Zama-san, and worshipped as an ancient deity of residence protection, travel safety, and safe delivery.
It is said that the shrine was established when Empress Jingu enshrined Ikasuri-no-kami 座摩の神 at the mouth of the Yodo River when she returned from overseas.



On the other hand, according to the Engishiki (the classical compendium of rules), Hideyoshi Toyotomi moved the shrine of the guardian god of Settsu Nishinari-gun, formerly located on the south end of the Watanabe Bridge around Temmabashi, to this new location along with its name in the 11th year of the Tensho Period (1583), in order to build Osaka Castle.

From then on, merchants and entertainers gathered and the region thrived, and this resulted in second-hand shops and ceramic wholesale shops gathering around the area. Within the premises is the Toki (ceramics) Shrine, and the Toki Ceramics Festival (tooki matsuri 陶器祭り） is held on July 23 of every year.
source : www.osaka-info.jp/en


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amulet for the winter purification
人形と蘇民将来子孫門の御札
paper dolls hitogata and Somin Shorai

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Amulets from 陶器神社 Toki Jinja:

For the Jizoo-E 地蔵会 Jizo Festival on July 21 - 23.
A gourd to prevent fire is hung from a Sasa reed branch.
kaboo no hyootan mamori 火防の瓢箪守 gourd amulet to prevent fire

This Jizo is a Shogun Jizo from Atago 愛宕山将軍地蔵, who comes to extinguish fires with the water from his gourd.
A small clay bell is also hung from the twig.

another amulet for the festival is a clay figure of
sekku kazari no tora 節供飾りの虎 Tiger decoration for the Seasonal Change


. Atago Jinja 愛宕神社　 Atago shrines .

. Amulets and Folk Art from Osaka .

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Ceramic Shrine 陶器神社せともの祭 and Ceramic Festival


５柱を総称して坐摩大神（いかすりのおおかみ）
Ikasuri no Ookami
The five deities protect the home,
and are helpful for a safe travel and easy childbirth.




The crest of the shrine is a heron
sagimaru, sagi maru 鷺丸(さぎまる)

When Emperess Jingu looked for a place for this shrine, a group of white herons from Tamino no shima 田蓑島 (now near Tenmanbashi bridge 天満橋) came with pine twigs in their beaks to show her the place.


懸鳥祭　　Festival on December 2　
offerings of animals, fish and birds, are made


Homepage of the Shrine 坐摩神社
source : www.ikasuri.or.jp
大阪市中央区久太郎町４丁目渡辺３号


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. Somin Shorai 蘇民将来　 .


People prepare paper dolls (hitogata 人形, katashiro 形代 ) and float them on small paper ships to take away bad fortune.

. Summer Purification .


. Amulets and Talismans from Japan .　


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Ceramic Lantern at Ceramic　Shrine 　陶器神社





Osaka Setomono Matsuri　大阪せともの祭り
Setomono Festival



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quote
Jichinsai　地鎮祭
"Ground-purification rites."
Also read "tokoshizume no matsuri."
At the commencement of civil engineering or architectural projects, this ritual is performed to pray that the project proceeds safely and smoothly, and to pray that no structural problems arise after its completion.
Other names for this ritual include jikanjō, shizume, jibiki, jimatsuri, chinsai, and chinsha.

This ritual is performed before the preliminary foundation-laying stage of a given project. At the Grand Shrines of Ise, the pre-construction jichinsai rite is called chinchisai and is also repeated after a project is finished, a rite referred to as kō-chinchisai ("post-completion chinchisai").

The saijin, or kami being petitioned in the rite, were once
the five ikasuri-no-kami (protectors of court lands):

生井神　Ikui no kami, Protector of life
福井神　Sakui no kami, Bringer of good luck
綱長井神　Tsunagai no kami, Luck for fishing
波比岐神　Hahiki no kami, Protector of home and garden
阿須波神　Asuwa no kami, Protector of legs and travelling

In most cases today, however, the rite refers obliquely to "the kami who controls this land," thereby directing the prayer to the specific kami of a given land without specifying the kami's name.

There are also several cases in which the saijin is
Ubusunakami ("Protector kami of the life-giving land") or
Ōjinushigami ("Great protector kami of the land").

Generally, a hand washing ritual precedes the ceremony. The ceremony itself begins with a purification rite and a rite beseeching the kami to descend. After that, the shinsen, or offering of food and drink, is made to the kami and the ritualist(s) recites a norito liturgy. Then they purify the site and scatter more offerings. Thereafter, the following three rituals performed in succession, the hallmark of the jichinsai ritual.

First, a young girl performs the kusakarihajime (first ground-clearing) using a ritually pure sickle to start cutting the grass.
Next, the girl performs the rite of ugachizome (first ground-breaking) using a ritually pure hoe to dig a hole.
Third, the assistant ritualist performs the ritual burial of the izumemono (article of enshrinement) in the hole, but in fact the actual izumemono is buried after the ritual is over.

These days, the article buried is usually an iron human figurine, an iron mirror, or a small iron dagger, but on occasion an iron spear, iron shield, or jewel may also be used. The ceremony concludes with a bow of thanksgiving, the scattering of more sacred food and drink offerings, and the performance of the rite for the kami's ascent.
source : Endo Jun, Kokugakuin, 2007


jubatsu 修祓（しゅばつ）
kooshin 降神（こうしん）
kensen 献饌（けんせん）
norito soojoo 祝詞奏上（のりとそうじょう）
shihoo harai 四方祓（しほうはらい）
jichin 地鎮（じちん）
tamagushi hooten 玉串奉奠（たまぐしほうてん）
tessen 撤饌（てっせん）
shuushin 昇神（しょうしん）
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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Asuwa Jinja 足羽神社
is the other shrine enshrining Ikasuri-no-kami.
When Emperor Keitai (継体天皇) left Fukui to be the Emperor, he established the shrine and enshrined Ikasuri-no-kami and himself.

photo and text from
source : Taisaku Nogi - facebook


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HAIKU


座摩祭古き船場を思ふなり
Zama matsuri furuki Senba o omou nari

Zama festival -
I am reminded
of the old Senba

anonymous
source :　www.jlogos.com


Senba, Semba

quote
Semba is a town of commerce and money surrounded by rivers on its three sides. The name Semba (ship's place) stems from the presence of a wharf there when canals were excavated and merchants were gathered to run Osaka, the then capital of a feudal lord's fief, in the 16th century.
The area has a grid of "Toori" (streets　通り) from east to west and "Suji" (avenues　筋) from south to north. The streets ("Tori") are lined with textile, sundry goods, cosmetic and other wholesalers, where the avenues ("Suji") form a business center clustered with banks, stockbrokers' offices and other business firms.

At Minami Semba on the north side of the subway station Shinsaibashi are many recently opened retail shops selling clothes, bags, stationery, tableware, sundry goods and other items. Not a few carries goods distinguished from what you find at department stores, attracting trend-conscious people.

Semba also has unique restaurants, coffee shops and bars around, with ethnic restaurants newly opened one after another where you can enjoy Thai, Vietnam, Indonesian and other Asian cuisines. The interiors of many restaurants are decorated in fancy design, and they serve foods of different countries so that they draw many, mostly young, people.
source : www.jnto.go.jp/eng


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Related words

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***** . WKD : Ground-breaking ceremony (jichinsai ) .


. Amulets and Talismans from Japan .　

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