Ango retreat for monks

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Retreat (ango)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Various, see below
***** Category: Observance

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Explanation

kigo for all summer

ango 安吾 (あんご) intensive retreat
(for monks , priests and sometimes laymen)
Skt varsha or varshika; Pali vassa;
tranquil dwelling, spiritual retreat


source : zenbunka.or.jp

natsu ango 夏安吾（げあんご）summer retreat for monks
..... gegomori 夏籠（げごもり）, gekomori
..... ge 夏（げ）
gegyoo 夏行（げぎょう）

ame ango 雨安吾（うあんご）retreat in the rain
angodera 安吾寺（あんごでら）temple for retreat
gezutome 夏勤（げづとめ）summer rituals
..... ketsuge 結夏（けつげ）
ge-iri 夏入（げいり）beginning the retreat
ketsusei, kessei 結制（けつせい）
ichige 一夏（いちげ）lit. "one summer retreat"
ge hyakunichi 夏百日（げひゃくにち）100 days retreat
.... hyakunichi no gyoo 百日の行（ひゃくにちのぎょう）

ge no hajime 夏の始め（げのはじめ）beginning of the retreat
ichige kujun 一夏九旬（いちげくじゅん）
zen ango 前安吾（ぜんあんご）beginning of the retreat
chuu ango 中安吾（ちゅうあんご）middle of the retreat
go ango 後安吾（ごあんご）ending of the retreat
ge no owari 夏の終り（げのおわり）end of the retreat

gedachi 夏断 (げだち) "summer abstinence"
not eating red meat, not drinking alcohol, staying home reading the sutras and copying them.


. gekyoo 夏経（げきょう） copying the sutras in summer .
gegaki 夏書 (げがき) "writing in summer"
shakyoo-e 写経会 meeting to copy sutras


gebana 夏花 "summer flowers" as offerings on the altar
..... gebana tsumi 夏花摘み（げばなつみ）picking flowers for offerings
during the ango retreat
Every day new flowers are offered.
This is done at the temples, but can also be done at home for the family altar.
The origin of this custom dates back to the Heian period, where offerings were made at the Western Tower of temple HieiZan, Kyoto.
比叡山西塔院


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kigo for early autumn

. gege 解夏 end of the summer ascetics .
..... ge aki 夏明き（げあき）, ge no hate 夏の果（げのはて）
..... sooan, soo-an 送行（そうあん）
..... gegaki osame 夏書納（げがきおさめ）
..... butsukangibi, butsu kangi bi 仏歓喜日（ぶつかんぎび）
..... kangibi 歓喜日 "a day to rejoice"


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kigo for all winter

. Fuyu Ango 冬安居 Winter Retreat for Monks 　
yuki ango 雪安居（ゆきあんご） retreat for monks in snow


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An, ango (安居), or kessei (結制),
is a Japanese term for a three-month period of intense training for students of Zen Buddhism, lasting anywhere from 90 to 100 days.The practice during ango consists of meditation (zazen), study, and work (samu).

Ango is typically held twice a year, the first period from spring to summer and the second period from fall to winter. The word ango literally translates as "dwelling in peace"; the summer ango is referred to as ge-ango and the winter period is u-ango.
Additionally, some monasteries and Zen centers hold just one ango per year.

Concerning Zen practice in the United States, author Ellen Birx writes,
"Many centers now allow members to attend retreats on a part-time basis. Many have ango, a three-month long period of intensified practice, that members can participate in while continuing to go off to work during the day."

Taigen Dan Leighton writes a more traditional definition, "These are ninety-day training periods of concentrated practice without leaving the monastic enclosure (except for monks going out for necessary temple business). They date back to the summer rainy season retreats of Shakyamuni's time. In Japan, they have been held twice a year, summer and winter."
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


komorido 籠人 / 籠り人 person retreating in a hall for religious practice


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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


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HAIKU

しばらくは瀧にこもるや夏の初め
shibaraku wa taki ni komoru ya ge no hajime

for a while
I will sit behind the waterfall -
summer retreat begins

Matsuo Basho　松尾芭蕉
On May 20,year 元禄2年4月2日



source :　itoyo/basho


Urami no taki 裏見の滝 - 裏見の瀧 "Back- view waterfall"
near Nikko, with a cave behind the waterfall for mountain ascetic practises.

urami 恨み to hate, have a grudge,


ほととぎす裏見の滝の裏表
hototogisu Urami no Taki no ura omote

hototogisu -
Urami no Taki
with back and front

Written on the second day of the fourth lunar month, Genroku 2
元禄2年4月2日
When Basho spent time behind the waterfall, he could not hear the hototogisu any more and felt this as URAMI.


Placenames used by
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .
Oku no Hosomichi


. Fudo Myo-O 不動明王 statue at Urami .


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source :　Yamada Naokimi


春の夜や籠り人ゆかし堂の隅
haru no yo ya komorido yukashi doo no sumi

this spring night -
a person mysteriously in retreat
in the temple corner
Tr. Gabi Greve

Spring 1688, at Hase 初瀬 (Hatsuse)
The temple in Hase is known from the Tales of Genji (Genji Monogatari), where ladies of the court came to pray to Kannon to find a suitable lover.

. Temple Hasedera 長谷寺 .


Oi no Kobumi 笈の小文
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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gegaki, ge-gaki 夏書き copying the sutras during the retreat

natsukashiki ge-gaki no sumi no nioi kana

I remember so fondly
the smell of his ink
during summer retreat writing

at the 17th death anniversary of priest Watanabe Unriboo
渡辺雲裡坊 Watanabe Unribo Seihan (1692-1761)
from Owari



たもとして払ふ夏書の机哉
tamoto shite harau ge-gaki no tsukue kana

with her long kimono sleeve
she cleans the desk
for summer retreat writing . . .

. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .


Buson also wrote this hokku when he met Seihan in Edo, making fun of their shaven heads:

水桶にうなづきあふや瓜茄子
mizu-oke ni unazuki-au ya uri nasubi

in the water tub
they nodd to each other
a melon and an eggplant


source :　www.rakanneko.jp


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夏籠（げこもり）




夏籠や畳にこぼすひとりごと　
gekomori ya tatami ni kobosu hitorigoto

summer retreat -
my lonely mumblings tumble
on the tatami mats

草城句
source : http://shahai.exblog.jp/4304632/


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わざわざに蝶も来て舞う夏花かな　　
wazawaza ni choo mo kite mau gebana kana

even the butterflies
come to dance here -
summer flower offerings
Tr. Gabi Greve


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雪隠の歌も夏書の一ッ哉
setchin no uta mo ge-gaki no hitotsu kana

in the temple privy
this poem, too,
a true summer prayer
Tr. Chris Drake


This summer hokku is from the 4th month (May) in 1822, when the summer retreats (夏 ge, or 夏安居 ge-ango) are getting underway at various Buddhist temples. Following a custom that began in ancient India during the Buddha's lifetime, in Japan, too, monks and laypeople gather at temples and concentrate on prayer, chanting, meditation, and study during the rainy season in early summer. The retreats usually began on 4/8, the birthday of the Buddha, and could go on for as long as 90 or a hundred days. Issa seems to have visited a temple on 4/8 or a little later, and in the privy he sees a poem or poems brushed on the wall. Uta usually refers to a waka or a kyoka, a humorous "crazy waka," and it could be either one here.
Evidently the poem refers to one of the Buddhas or is inspired by Buddhism, since Issa takes it to be legitimate summer retreat writing (ge-gaki 夏書). Summer retreat writing usually referred to calligraphically writing the name of a Buddha, especially Amida, or to copying out sutras, but this humble poem, perhaps humorous, obviously expresses deep spirituality.

Chris Drake


. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .



. WKD : Summer Flowers .

. Toilet, Outhouse (benjo, no setchin, toire) .


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Related words

***** .SAIJIKI ... OBSERVANCES, FESTIVALS
Kigo for Summer


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Kasuga Shrine Festivals

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Kasuga Shrine Festivals

***** Location: Kasuga Shrine, Japan
***** Season: Various, see below
***** Category: Observance

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Explanation



The Kasuga Shrine (春日大社, Kasuga-taisha) is a Shinto shrine in the city of Nara, in Nara Prefecture, Japan. Established in 768 A.D. and rebuilt several times over the centuries, it is the shrine of the Fujiwara family. The interior is famous for its many bronze lanterns, as well as the many stone lanterns that lead up the shrine.

The architectural style Taisha-zukuri takes its name from the Kasuga Shrine.

Kasuga Shrine, and the Kasugayama Primeval Forest near the shrine, are registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the "Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara".

The enchanting path to Kasuga Shrine passes through Deer Park (where tame deer roam free). Over a thousand stone lanterns line the way.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


Kasuga jinja 春日神社 Kasuga Shrine is the shrine name.


taisha-zukuri　大社造
Also called ooyashiro-zukuri. The oldest style of shrine architecture.
Read more here: ©　JAANUS



Kasuga Taisha Japanese HP

Kasuga Wakamiya Festival. Japanese HP


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The five deities of the five important shrines

Takemikazuchi no Mikoto / Fuku Kenjaku Kannon

Futsunushi no Mikoto / Yakushi Nyorai

Ame no Koyane no Mikoto / Jiso Bosatsu

Himegami / 11-Headed Kannon Bosatsu

Wakamiya- / Monju Manjushri Bosatsu


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Kasuga Lantern Festival in Spring
setsubun mantooroo　節分万灯籠, 万中元万燈籠
Februar 3
Kasuga no mantoo 春日の万燈（かすがのまんとう）
(The kigo is for the winter festival.)





This festival takes place at the Great Shrine at Kasuga, Kasuga Taisha 春日大社.
More than 3000 lanterns are lit up in the cold winter night. The stone lanterns have been dedicated by some Daimyo of the Edo period and many more by the lay people who come visit this shrine. There are also many bronze lanterns hanging from the eaves.

This ceremony is more than 800 years old.

Reference : Kasuga Lantern Festival



O-Bon Lantern Festival, Obon Mantoro
(Obon Mantooroo) お盆万燈籠　
During the O-Bon festival, the lanterns are lit again.
August 14

O-bon, a kigo for haiku



Kasuga Lantern Festival in Winter, Kasuga Mantooroo
春日万燈籠 (かすがまんとうろう). 春日万灯籠
kigo for mid-winter
..... Kasuga no mantoo 春日の万燈（かすがのまんとう）
Taisha Mandoro (Taisha Mandooroo)


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Kasuga Spring Festival, Kasuga Festival
kigo for mid-spring
March 13

Kasuga Matsuri 春日祭 (かすがまつり)
"Kasuga Monkey Festival" saru matsuri 申祭（さるまつり）

The shrine was build in the 2nd year of the Zingo-Keiun era (768) and its festival was held on the first "day of the monkey" (saru no hi) in February and November (old lunar calendar). In the Meiji period, this day has been declared to be on March 13.
An imperial messanger makes offerings to the deity and many Shinto ceremonies are held on this day.

One of the three great festivals by order of the Imperial court (san chokusai 三勅祭) of Japan.

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"Throwing deer bisquits"
shika senbei tobashi 鹿せんべい飛ばし
March 21
On the open spaces of Wakakusa Yama 若草山

Usually the deer get small bisquits from the tourists, but on this day large ones with a diameter of 25 cm are made for throwing and fighting about the longest flight of a bisquit. Sometimes they throw it for more than 50 meters. The winner gets a pair of the cut-off horns of a Kasuga deer.




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Photo: Mainichi Shinbun October 2010

shika no tsunokiri 鹿の角切 (しかのつのきり)
cutting the horns of deer
deer-horn cutting ceremony

tsunokiri 角伐（つのきり）cutting the horns
shikayose 鹿寄せ（しかよせ）herding the deer together
shikatsuri 鹿釣り（しかつり）"fishing for deer"

kigo for late autumn

In October, the divine deer are all gathered in one place and the horns are cut. This will prevent the animals from hurting each other and hurting the many visitors in Nara. The deer are rounded up and the first cut is made by a shinto priest of the shrine. This ceremony started in the Edo period and is performed to this day by a group of about 25 professionals.



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Kasuga Wakamiya Shrine Festival
Kasuga Wakamiya On Matsuri
春日若宮御祭 (かすがわかみやおんまつり)
kigo for mid-winter
..... "THE Festival" on matsuri 御祭（おんまつり）
december 15 - 18

This festival is handed down since the 12th century. It started during an epidemic, when the government had rites performed at the "Young Shrine" Wakamiya, to pray for improvement and also for a good harvest.
The biggest event is now held on December 17, with a long procession of people dressed in period robes of the past, from the 9th to the 19th Century.

Traditional music and dance are also performed during these festival days.



Folding Screen depicting the On Matsuri

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Kasuga no o-taue matsuri
春日御田植祭 (かすがのおたうえまつり)
rice planting ritual at Kasuga shrine
kigo for the New Year
sometimes placed in mid-spring

On March 15.
A ritual to pray for a good harvest.
At the three shrines Ringo no niwa 林檎の庭, Enomoto Jinja 榎本神社 and Wakamiya shrine 若宮社 men perform ritual planting dances and women plant pine needles (representing rice plants) as an offering to the deities.

The colorful dances and lively songs are a joy.


SAIJIKI – NEW YEAR OBSERVANCES

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Horse-riding and arrow shooting contest
yabusame sadame 流鏑馬定(やぶさめさだめ)
July 1


Sacred Rope Ritual, nawamune sai
縄棟祭(なわむねさい)
October 1


Young Monks getting a rank
Bachoo no chigo no okurai uke
馬長児僧位僧官授与式(ばちょうのちごのおくらいうけ）
Beginning of December

Japanese: Rituals at Kasuga Wakamiya


Wakamiya, chigo or dooji indicates a divine boy (in case of Kasuga an incarnation of Monju Bosatsu), Bodhisattva of wisdom.


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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way


春日のの鹿も立ちそう花御堂
Kasuga no no shika mo tachisoo hana midoo

Kasuga Field's deer
also attend, I see...
blossom-filled temple

Issa
Tr. David Lanoue
Kasuga Shrine and Hana Mido


Kasuga Shrine Mandala


On this scroll, a sacred tree (sakaki, Cleyera japonica) stands on the back of the white deer, which is the messenger of the Deity of Kasuga.
Kasuga shrine has four main deities and the one of Wakamiya (the New Shrine) is seen as Buddhas standing on the branches. There are also wisteria blossoms (fuji), the symbol of the shrine and the Fujiwara family.
The top part of the mandala shows Mount Mikasa in front of the Kasuga hills.



Three haiku by Kobayashi ISSA about the deer

春日野の鹿にかがるる袷かな
kasugano no shika ni kagaruru awase kana

Kasuga Field's deer
sniff it...
my summer kimono



春日野や駄菓子に交る鹿の尿
kasugano ya dagashi ni majiru shika no kuso

Kasuga Field--
penny candy mingles
with deer poop



春日野や神もゆるしの鹿の恋
kasugano ya kami mo yurushi no shika no koi

Kasuga Field--
with the god's permission
deer make love

Tr. David Lanoue


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Kasuga jinja no ema 春日神社の絵馬
votiv tablets

They come in all sizes and with all kinds of paintings.
There is a special hall to exhibit them all.

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goshiki jika 五色鹿 deer in five colors

The deer go back to the legend of the deity Takemikazuchi no mikoto 武甕槌神
The "Great God of Kashima" rode on a white deer from Kashima all the way to the Kasuga shrine in Nara as a divine messenger, and the deer became the symbol of Nara.
The Kasuga Deer Mandala tells the story.

These deer are only about 2 cm high, made with bamboo legs. They come in five colors and have white dots on their body.

. Folk Toys from Nara .


. Kashima Shrine 鹿島神宮 Kashima Jingu .


. Goshiki Daruma and Color Symbols .




. hakuroku 白鹿 white deer mikuji .

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Saiin Kasuga Jinja 西院春日神社
Sai-In Kasuga Shrine in Kyoto

京都市右京区西院春日町61 - 61 Saiin Kasuga-cho, Ukyo-ku, Kyoto
Founded in 833.
It holds all the deities of the Kasuga Shrine in Nara, just closer to Kyoto.

In the compound is a stone that heals all kind of illness


hoosoo ishi 疱瘡石 "smallpox stone"

In the beginning of the Heian period, the wife of Junna Tenno 淳和天皇 (786 - 840), 崇子内親王 Takako Naishinnoo, suffered from smallpox and made a vow to this stone.
So the stone took on the smallpox and the lady was cured. Now people come to pray for good health.

In October there is also a festival with mikoshi palanquins, praying for good health and a good harvest.

- Homepage of the shrine
- source : kasuga.or.jp



Look at more amulets from the shrine
- source : kasuga.or.jp/kitou


. byooma taisan 病魔退散 warding off disease .
. Health Amulets 健康御守 kenkoo omamori .


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HAIKU

申祭人より多き鹿の群 　
saru matsuri hito yori ooki shika no mure

Beim Fest des Affen
sind die Herden vom Hirsch
mehr als die vom Menschen.

Kinoshita Seirin 木下星林(1918～)
Tr. Namura Kouta


Kasuga Monkey Festival -
there are more throngs of deer
than throngs of people
Tr. Gabi Greve



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Aoni Yoshi 青丹よし Aoniyoshi
"the green and cinnabar is good"

This is an old makurakotoba for the old capital of Nara. The red pillars and green window bars of the shrine are auspicious colors to keep evil out of the city.

Many temples and shrines were built whith these colors, so a walk in Nara was yoshi, was pleasing and this expression became synonymous with NARA (Heijokyo 平城京).


There is also a famous sweet from Manshodo 萬勝堂 of this name.
It is made of wasanbon sugar.


http://www.manshoudou.com/teiban.html


. WASHOKU
Wasanbon sugar 和三盆


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In 768, when the shrine Kasuga Taisha was built, the priests of the shrine dress in hunters gear (kariginu 狩衣 ) and pound rice for mochi, which are fried in oil. They are also written 伏兎.

. WASHOKU
hiuchi yaki 火打焼 a kind of mochi ricecake 　



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Related words

***** Light offerings afloat (tooroo nagashi)

***** Stone Lantern (ishidooroo) Japan

***** . Kinkazan : cutting antlers of deer 　

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The Dragon God of Kasuga Shrine 春日竜神　Kasuga Ryujin
Tsukioka Kōgyo 岡耕漁 (Sakamaki Kōgyo) (1869-1927)

- quote -
Kasuga Ryūjin (春日龍神), or "The Kasuga Dragon God,"
is a Japanese Noh play often attributed to Komparu Zenchiku, son-in-law of Zeami Motokiyo. The play features the historical figure Myōe Shōnin (1173 – 1232), abbot of the Buddhist temple Kōzan-ji, and famous for his detailed dream diary. Myōe sought for many years to visit China and India, and to witness the places where the historical Buddha preached; in episodes recorded in his dream diary and other sources, Myōe is said to have been visited, both in dreams and via oracles, by the Dragon God of Kasuga Shrine, who persuaded him to remain in Japan. The play is inspired by and based upon these sources, and relates one such meeting of Myōe with the Dragon God.
----- Plot
The play opens with Myōe and his companions traveling to Kasuga Shrine to say formal farewells to the kami of the shrine, before they leave for their journey to China and India. There, they meet a priest, an old man, who welcomes them into the shrine grounds, saying that Myōe is favored by the kami of the shrine like a first-born son, and that of course he should be most welcome. Learning of Myōe's intentions to journey abroad, however, he argues that the kami shouldn't like to see him go, as his presence at the shrine is so treasured.

The priest goes on to explain that, were the Buddha still living, one would do well to hear him preach in person. But, he says, the ages have turned, and the sacred places of India and China are now represented in Japan. He equates important Buddhist sites such as Vulture Peak to sites in Japan, such as Mount Mikasa, and encourages Myōe to visit these sacred sites instead. He offers that if Myōe will desist with his plan, he will reveal to the monk, upon Mount Mikasa, the five regions of India, the Buddha's birth, the Buddha's enlightenment, his preaching, and his passing.

Convinced, Myōe gives up his intentions to travel to the continent, and asks the old man his name. The priest identifies himself as Tokifū Hideyuki, a name drawn from those of the founders of the Kasuga Shrine, Nakatomi no Tokifū and Nakatomi no Hideyuki, at which he vanishes.

Between the two acts of the play, a kyōgen actor portraying a minor kami in the service of the shrine comes forth and retells the story of the first act.

In the second act, the Dragon God of Kasuga (the kasuga ryūjin of the play's title) appears, and dances, while speaking to Myōe, and confirming that he has in fact given up his intentions to journey to the continent.
- source : wikipedia -

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Kasuga Myoojin 春日明神 Kasuga Myojin
Kasuga Daimyoojin, Kasuga Daimyôjin 春日大明神 Kasuga Daimyojin
comprizes the five kami of Kasuga related to the temple Kofuku-Ji.

Based on the honji suijaku doctrine, separate Buddhist avatars (honjibutsu) were designated for Kasuga shrine's Shisho Myōjin, "Four Bright Kami," and Kasuga daimyōjin the collective name for the "Four Bright Kami" and the uber-kami that those four comprise was considered a Shinto manifestation of the Buddhist Boddhisattva Jihimangyō Bosatsu.
- quote - Sato Masato, Kokugakuin 2007 -


. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

南都の僧侶・障圓という人は学問をよくする人だったが魔道に落ちた。僧はある女性に憑いて、「春日大明神を奉ずる人は春日野の下にある地獄に堕ちる」ことなどを語った。


.......................................................................... Kumamoto 熊本県
玉東町 Gyokuto

The origin of Konoha Saru. 木葉猿の由来。
孝徳天皇のころ、都の落人が虎の葉の里に詫住まいしていた。元正天皇の時代、養老7年正月7日に衣冠正しい老翁が枕元に立ち、汝罪なくして都を出て、この山里に詫住まいしているので、宇多郡深草の社に鎮まる春日大明神を遷し奉るべしといった。その後ある日旅人がやってきて大和の国春日の神勅を持ってきた。そのため虎の葉の里に春日大社を遷した。10月9日を生日の足日と定めて雨山の赤土をかきとって海山の神つ物を捧げてその楽を奏し、その平盆の余った土を投げると、猿の形を現し、忽然として飛び去った。人々が奇異な思いをしていると、鼻高く面赤く身の丈1丈あまりなのが現れ、汝等雨山の土でましらを作れば、真榊の真幸といって消え去った。


.......................................................................... Kyoto 京都府

円覚上人 圓智上人 Saint Enchi
Saint Enchi's parents did not have any children, so they prayed to Kasuga Myojin. In a dream he let them know that soon they would have child with a special curse.
Eventually a baby boy was born and the husband made offerings to the Deity.
Just then lightning struck the house and almost the whole family died. The mother became blind and eventually left the child in the wilderness of the pilgrims road to Kasuga Shrine.

. 円覚上人 圓智上人 Saint Enchi (active in Tsugaru around 550) .


.......................................................................... Nara 奈良県
帯解町 Obitake

ryuu 竜 Ryu, Dragon
In the village pond lived a Dragon who ate peopoe, so they tried to drive it away. They lit a fire at the dam of the pond and tried to scare it, but the Dragon did not appear. A Samurai, who walked past, shot an arrow in the pond. The Dragon grabbed the Samurai and flew with him up to heaven. Eventually it begun 雷光 to thunder ad flashes of lightning appeared.
Blood-red raindrops fell into the pond. Eventually the body of the dragon dropped into the pond, all torn with wounds.
The villagers collected the Dragon bones from the pond and made a statue of a Dragon.
The Samurai never appeared again. They say it was an incarnation of
春日明神 the Deity Kasuga Myojin.

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誓多林町 Setarincho

Along the 新笠置街道 New Kasagi Road there are two large footprints in a stone wall.
They say they are the footprints from the White Deer which Kasuga Myojin rode when he came from Kashima.

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Yonaki Jizo 夜泣地蔵 Jizo crying at night

春日神社本殿の厨子から毎夜子供の泣声がするので開けてみると、春日大明神とあがめていたのは地蔵菩薩だった。地蔵菩薩が新薬師寺に参りたいというので遷座した。


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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -

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- #kasugashrine #kasugamyojin -
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Kabuki and Kyogen

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO TOP . ]
. Legends about Kyogen 狂言 .
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Kabuki Theater ... 歌舞伎

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Various, see below
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

An Introduction to Kabuki
Ryohei Matsuda

The word "kabuki" is usually written with three Chinese characters:
ka (songs), bu (dance), and ki (skills). But it actually derives from the classical Japanese verb kabuki meaning "to incline." It also carries the meaning of something eccentric or deviating from the norm.

The action in kabuki plays commonly revolves around Buddhist notions such as the law of retributive justice and the impermanence of things. Confucian traditions of duty, obligation, and filial piety are also expressed on stage.

Historically, kabuki performances have been "off-beat," employing flamboyant costumes, elaborate makeup, and exaggerated body movements to create a sense of the spectacular. This may sound strange to those who imagine that Japanese people highly value harmony and conformity in society. It is ironic that many Japanese people take pride in kabuki as being one of Japan's cultural treasures, but similar eccentric behavior in actual life is highly disapproved of.

Read the full story HERE !
©　Ryohei Matsuda

. . . . .

Invitation to Kabuki
Guidance for Kabuki Appreciation
source : unesco/kabuki



Ronald Cavaye explains Kabuki
歌舞伎美人 kabukibito
source : www.kabuki-bito.jp


. WKD : Edo Sanza 江戸三座
the three famous Kabuki theaters of Edo .


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Actor Arashi Kitsusaburo I (Rikan)
in the dressing room mirror, with wigs and makeup for various roles"
Shunkōsai Hokushū 春好斎北洲 Shunkosai Hokushu (at.1809-1832)


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Kyogen, kyoogen　狂言

Kyogen (literally "mad words" or "wild speech") is a form of traditional Japanese theater. It developed alongside noh, was performed along with noh as an intermission of sorts between noh acts, and retains close links to noh in the modern day; therefore, it is sometimes designated noh-kyogen. However, its content is not at all similar to the formal, symbolic, and solemn noh theater; kyogen is a comical form, and its primary goal is to make its audience laugh.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !



aikyoogen, ai-kyoogen 間狂言 interlude
between two parts of a Noh play

chaban, chaban kyoogen 茶番狂言 Chaban Kyogen performance
The lower actors had to prepare tea for their elders, and this has been made into a theabar performance.



. Legends about Kyogen 狂言 .

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。。。。。　kigo for early spring

hatsu-uma kyoogen 初午狂言（はつうまきょうげん）
Kyogen on the first day of the horse in the new year
. first day of the horse, hatsu uma 初午
and the Inari cult


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。。。。。　kigo for late spring

Kyogen in March, yayoi kyoogen
弥生狂言 (やよいきょうげん)

..... sangatsu kyoogen 三月狂言（さんがつきょうげん）
a term used in Edo
..... san no kawari 三の替り（さんのかわり）
a term used in Osaka and Kamigata

The most popular performances in this season were "Sukeroku", "Kagamiyama Kokyô no Nishikie"" and "Sendai Hagi".

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. Mibu Kyoogen 壬生狂言（みぶきょうげん）
Amida Buddha Prayer Kyogen at temple Mibudera 　
One of the three famous prayer kyogen.


. . . . .




Nagahama Hikiyama Kyoogen
長浜曳山狂言（ながはまひきやまきょうげん）
Nagahama Kyogen performance on festival floats
Nagahama hikiyama matsuri 長浜曳山祭 (ながはまひきやままつり)
Nagahama float festival
April 14 to 24

Nagahama is an old town on the shores of Lake Biwa.
The festival dates back to the time of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who after many years finally became a proud father of a son. He presented gold dust to the villagers of Nagahama, where he lived at that time. The villagers used the gold dust to decorate their festival floats (hikiyama).
The estival floates have children from 5 to 12 years in bright costumes on board, who perform comic performances (kyoogen). The floats are carried around town and to the shrine Hachimangu.
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


. Shagiri Music at Nagahama Hikiyama Festival おしゃぎり


. . . . .


. Saga Dainenbutsu Kyoogen
嵯峨大念仏狂言（さがだいねんぶつきょうげん）
Amida Buddha Prayer Kyogen
at the Shakado hall of temple Seiryo-Ji,Saga, Kyoto　
One of the three famous prayer kyogen.


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kigo for early summer

Enmadoo dainenbutsu 閻魔堂大念仏 (えんまどうだいねんぶつ)
Amida prayer nenbutsu at the temple hall Enmado
Enmadoo kyoogen 閻魔堂狂言（えんまどうきょうげん）
senbon dainenbutsu 千本大念仏（せんぼんだいねんぶつ）
One of the three famous prayer kyogen.
. Emma (Enma ten, Enma Oo) 閻魔天、閻魔王
The King of Hell

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kigo for mid-summer

Satsuki kyoogen 五月狂言 (さつききょうげん)
Kyogen in the fifth lunar month
..... 皐月狂言（さつききょうげん）
. ..... Soga matsuri 曽我祭（そがまつり）
festival of the Soga brothers 　



. Takigi Noo, takiginoo 薪能 Noh-Performance at night
takigi sarugaku 薪猿楽（たきぎさるがく）
.... shiba noo芝能（しばのう）Noh on the lawn
wakamiy noo 若宮能（わかみやのう） Noh at a Wakamiya shrine


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kigo for late summer


mizukyoogen, mizu kyoogen 水狂言 (みずきょうげん)
"water kyogen"
..... mizugei 水芸（みずげい） tricks with water, performances
. . . CLICK here for Photos !



natsushibai, natsu shibai 夏芝居 (なつしばい)
summer performance
..... doyoo shibai 土用芝居（どようしばい）performance during the dog days
natsu kyoogen 夏狂言（なつきょうげん） summer kyogen
. . . CLICK here for Photos !






kiraigoo 鬼来迎 (きらいごう) "Welcoming the Demons"
..... Oni Mai 鬼舞（おにまい）"Demon's Dance"
Bon-Kyogen performed on the 16th of July, at the temple Hoozaiji 広済寺 in Chiba.
It is performed by the lay people of the parish.


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　kigo for early autumn

bon kyoogen 盆狂言 (ぼんきょうげん )
kyogen during the O-Bon ancestor festival
..... bon shibai 初秋 盆芝居（ぼんしばい）Bon-performance
..... bongaeri, bon-gaeri 盆替り（ぼんがわり）

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kigo for mid-autumn

aki kyoogen 秋狂言 (あききょうげん)
autumn kyogen
kugatsu kyoogen 九月狂言（くがつきょうげん）kyogen in september
..... nagori kyoogen 名残狂言（なごりきょうげん）
kugatsu shibai 九月芝居（くがつしばい）performance in september

quote
Onagori Kyogen "Farewell Performances"
a term used in kabuki parlance for performances given by actors during the ninth and tenth months, corresponding to the last part of the theatrical year before some actors were scheduled to go on tour in other cities for the next season.

Related terminology could sometimes be complicated. Actors departing Osaka for Edo were referred to as kudari yakusha ("going-down actors"). When actors took the opposite route for their tours and left Edo for Kamigata (the Osaka-Kyoto region), they were, in Kamigata, referred to as nobori yakusha ("actors going up to the capital") or 'Edo nobori' ("going up to the capital from Edo"), although in Edo they were called agari yakusha ("going-up actors").

Terminology for onagori kyôgen also varied, as in Edo these plays were occasionally called aki kyôgen ("autumn plays") or kikuzuki kyôgen ("chrysanthemum-month plays") because they coincided with the Chrysanthemum Festival (ninth day of the ninth month to the fifteenth day of the tenth month). Typically such performances included episodes from popular roles as well as dances created for the special occasions. Other plays that were commonly found in onagori kyôgen included those involving kowakare or 'child separation' scenes in which a parent was forced to abandon a child, a choice of subject obviously linked to the sadness felt by theater fans who were forced to say farewell to their favorite actor before his journey.

Read more HERE
http://www.viewingjapaneseprints.net/texts/topictexts/artist_varia_topics/onagori7.html


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kigo for late autumn

ji shibai, jishibai 地芝居 (じしばい) local performance
..... mura shibai 村芝居（むらしばい）performance in the village
... mura kabuki 村歌舞伎（むらかぶき）village kabuki
... jikyooten, ji kyoogen 地狂言（じきょうげん） village kyogen
(See the link above for details)


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observance kigo for mid-winter



. Kaomise 顔見世 "Showing the Faces" .
Seasonal debut of the Kabuki Theater actors
..... Tsuramise 面見世
..... Ashi zoroe 足揃 actors' lineup

shibai shoogatsu 芝居正月（しばいしょうがつ）New Year Performance
Kabuki shoogatsu 歌舞伎正月（かぶきしょうがつ） Kabuki New Year



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　kigo for the New Year
(some are listed for spring)




初芝居 Hatsu Shibai, First Kabuki Theater Performance
..... ni no kae, ni no kawari 二の替
..... First Kyogen, hatsuharu kyoogen 初春狂言, spring performance, haru shibai 春芝居
..... First Soga Performance, hatsu soga 初曽我
(The Revenge Story of the Soga Brothers 曾我物語 and Lady Tora 虎御前)

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. Doing Business in Edo　- 江戸の商売 .

senjimono uri 煎物売 The Tea Seller
senjimono　煎物　 is a medicinal drink and
the name of a Kyogen play "The Tea Seller".
This seller is disturbing the Gion Matsuri festival rehearsals.
He mimics a dance with a little double-headed drum (kakko (羯鼓 or 鞨鼓) .


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DANJURO XII in an interview with the Japan Times:

Freedom is fine; but I get the feeling that many modern-day Japanese have forgotten that freedom comes with responsibility. This concept is found in kabuki, so people who come to watch it will be exposed to the responsibility of freedom as well as freedom's limits.

Think of freedom as a dog that feels free to run around a fenced garden. It feels satisfied because it is not stuck in the house, even though it doesn't have the freedom to go outside the garden. Freedom exists inside the garden as well as outside.
But there is a barrier.
Nowadays, there is no such barrier.
I think kabuki expresses the freedom that exists within a barrier.

Read the full interview in our libraty:
DANJURO XII
Destined to act wild


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In 2007, NHK introduces some
Kabuki from Osaka, kamigata kabuki　上方歌舞伎


A word of advise from the first Sakata Tojuro



(Sakata Toojuuroo　坂田藤十郎)

miburi wa kokoro no amari ni shite

posture, gesture must come from the overflowing heart .


In Osaka Kabuki, the main actor wears a robe made of paper, kamiko 紙衣. This does not flow naturally around the body and the actor has to make extra efforts to show a natural pose.



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painting of the face, kumadori 隈取
make-up used in the Kabuki theatre.



External LINK with some samples
http://www.glopac.org/Jparc/CosMask/kumadori.html





. Cats and Daruma with Kumadori ! .

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Worldwide use


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Things found on the way

Kabuki Daruma　歌舞伎だるま !!!!!



. Nomura Mansai 野村萬斎 (1966 - ) .
playing Abe no Seimei 阿倍晴明 (921 - 1005)


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HAIKU

顔見世やおとづれはやき京の雪　　
kaomise ya otozure hayaki kyoo no yuki

showing of faces -
an early visitor was
the snow in Kyoto
　 　
Kubota Mantaroo 久保田万太郎
(Tr. Gabi Greve)

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顔見世の噂も遠し嵯峨ずまひ　　　　
kaomise no uwasa mo tooshi Saga zumai

the rumors of first showing faces,
they are so far away ...
living in Saga
　 　
Ooshima Tamiroo 大島民郎
(Tr. Gabi Greve)

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南座の顔見世ちかし弥助鮨　　　
Minamiza no kaomise chikashi yasuke zushi

Iwashiro Noriko 岩城のり子

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顔見世や京に降りれば京ことば　　
kaomise ya kyoo ni orireba Kyoo kotoba

first show of faces -
getting off the train in Kyoto
they speak Kyoto dialect
　　　
Hashimono Takako 橋本多佳子
(Tr. Gabi Greve)

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我住みし明治の世なり初芝居　　　
waga sumishi meiji no yo nari hatsu shibai　　

the world turned Meiji
where I now live in -
first Kabuki performance

Takahama Kyoshi 高浜虚子
(Tr. Gabi Greve)

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茶屋へゆくわたりの雪や初芝居　　
chaya e yuku watari no yuki ya hatsu shibai

first Kabuki performance !
the snow has piled up
to the tea house　　　

Kubota Mantaroo 久保田万太郎
(Tr. Gabi Greve)

The tea house was a place where the visitors would have a cup before going to the theater.

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　国許の母が来てゐて二の替　　
kunimoto no haha ga kite-ite nino kawari　　　　　

Tomiyasu Fuusei 富安風生

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柝の入りて引き締まる灯や初芝居　　
"ki" no irite hikishimaru hi ya hatsushibai)

Mizuhara Shuoshi (1892 - 1981)水原秋櫻子


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Kabuki actor and Haiku poet

Nakamura Tomijuuro 初代中村富十郎 1719 - August 3, 1786
Musume Dojoji 娘道成寺



. Nakamura Kanzaburo 中村 勘三郎 .
1955 – 2012
and the Nakamura-Za in Sakai 堺町, Edo


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Related words

***** Ceremonies of Japan


***** Kuromori Kabuki 黒森歌舞伎


***** . Irumagawa 入間川 River Iruma - Kyogen .


***** Paper clothing, paper robes (kamiko)

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- #kyogen #kabuki #kyoogen -
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Memorial Days WINTER

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Memorial Days of Famous People

WINTER SAIJIKI

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.. Famous People

AROO, Usuda Aro 臼田亜浪 November 11. (1879-1951) Haiku poet. Aroo Ki 亜浪忌 (あろうき) Usuda Aroo / LINKS Basho, Matsuo BASHO (1644-1694). Haiku Poet. Basho Ki 芭蕉忌 "Winter Rain" Anniversary (shigure Ki 時雨忌 （しぐれき） ... shigure-e 時雨会) Old Master's Day (Okina no hi 翁の日, おきなき) ... Okina no Hi 翁の日（おきなのひ) Green Peach Day (Toosei ki 桃青忌, とうせいき）　 Meeting in Memory of Basho, bashoo E 芭蕉会（ばしょうえ） BONIFACIO Philippines Andres Bonifacio (November 30, 1863 – May 10, 1897). Political Hero. BUSON, Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 1716 – December 25, 1784. Haiku Poet and Painter. Buson Ki 蕪村忌 (ぶそんき) Shunsei Ki 春星忌（しゅんせいき） CHIKAMATSU, Chikamatsu Monzaemon　近松門左衛門 Sugimori Nobumori, 杉森信盛 1653 – 6 January 1725. Scenario writer for Puppet Theater (bunraku) Chikamatsu Ki 近松忌 (ちかまつき) Soorin shi Ki 巣林子忌（そうりんしき) Soorin Ki 、巣林忌（そうりんき） Chikamatsu Monzaemon / FACTS DAITOO Kokushi 大燈国師 1283-1337 Daitoo Ki 大燈忌（だいとうき） Memorial Day of the Founder of Daitoku-Ji Temple, Daitoku-ji Kaisan-Ki 大徳寺開山忌 (だいとくじかいさんき) Daitoo Kokushi Ki 大燈国師忌（だいとうこくしき） Picture Daito Kokushi LINKS DARUMA Daishi 達磨大師, Bodhidharuma Daruma Memorial Day, Daruma-Ki 達磨忌 Shoorin Ki 少林忌（しょうりんき） "Day of the Founder", shoso Ki 初祖忌（しょそき） Daruma Snowman 雪達磨 Daruma as a Snowman Daruma Museum Japan / Gabi Greve . EIKAN, Priest Eikan of Temple Zenrin-Ji 永観 . November 2. 長元6年（1033年） － 天永2年11月2日（1111年12月4日） Eikan Ki 永観忌 (えいかんき) Eikan Memorial Day EN NO GYOJA and Shugendoo En no Gyooja Ki 役行者忌 HAKUSHUU, Kitahara Hakushu 北原 白秋, Kitahara Hakushū 25 January 1885 – 2 November 1942 Pen-name of tanka poet Kitahara Ryūkichi (北原隆吉). Hakushuu Ki 白秋忌 (はくしゅうき) Kitahara Hakushū / FACTS HAKYOO, Ishida Hakyoo 石田 波郷（いしだ はきょう) (1913-1969)/ 1913年3月18日 - 1969年11月21日 Hakyoo Ki 波郷忌 (はきょうき) Nintoo Ki 忍冬忌（にんとうき） Fuukaku Ki 風鶴忌（ふうかくき） Shakumyoo Ki 惜命忌（しゃくみょうき） HEKIGOTOO, Kawahigashi Hekigoto 河東碧梧桐 1873年02月26日 ～ 1937年02月01日 Hekigotoo Ki 碧梧桐忌 (へきごとうき) "Day when the cold ends", Kan-ake Ki 寒明忌（かんあけき） HISAJO, Sugita Hisajo 杉田久女 May 30, 1890 - January 1, 1946 Hisajo Ki 久女忌 ( ひさじょき) ICHIYOO, Higuchi Ichiyo 樋口 一葉 May 2, 1872 - November 23, 1896 Female Higuchi Natsu (樋口奈津), Higuchi Natsuko (樋口夏子). Ichiyo Ki 一葉忌 (いちようき) IPPEKIROO, Nakatsuka Ippekiro 中塚一碧楼 (1887 ~ 1946) Ippekiroo Ki 一碧楼忌 (いっぺきろうき) Ippekiro Nakatsuka / FACTS ISAMU, Yoshii Isamu 吉井勇 November 19. (8 October 1886 - 19 November 1960) Isamu Ki 勇忌 (いさむき) "This and That.. Day" Kanikaku かにかく忌（かにかくき） Kootoo Ki 紅燈忌（こうとうき） Isamu Yoshii / FACTS ISSA, Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 (June 15, 1763 - January 5, 1828) Issa Ki 一茶忌 (いっさき) JESUS Christ and Christmas JESUS Christ and Easter JINGEN, Tenkai, 天海（てんかい) (1536-1643) 1536年（天文5年）? - 1643年11月13日（寛永20年10月2日） High Priest of the Tendai Sect. He was close to Tokugawa Ieyasu. Jigen Ki 慈眼忌（じげんき） Founder of Temple Toeizan, Tooeizan Kaisan Ki 東叡山開山忌 (とうえいざんかいさんき) Jigen Daishi Ki 慈眼大師忌（じげんだいしき） Tenkai and Temple Kanei-Ji in Ueno John the Apostle Sei Johanne no hi 聖ヨハネの日 (せいよはねのひ) Day of Saint John KAKUNYO, Saint Kakunyo 覚如 文永7年12月28日（1271年2月9日） - 正平6年/観応2年1月19日（1351年2月15日） Kakunyo-Ki 覚如忌 First chief priest of the Temple Hongan-ji, Kyoto. . Honganji 本願寺 Hongan-Ji, Hongwanji . Kyoto . Keichuu, Keichū 契沖 阿闍梨 Keichu Ajari . Keichuuki, Keichuu Ki 契沖忌 Memorial Day for Keichu 契沖の忌日 / 正月二十五日 / 25th day of the first lunar month (sometimes listed as "New Year" or "Spring)) KIKEI, Takai Kikei 高井几圭 December 23. (1687-1761) Father of Kito. Kikei Ki 几圭忌 (きけいき) Takai Kikei / Japanese LINKS KITOO, Takai Kito 高井几董 October 23. (1741-1789)。Disciple of Buson. Second Son of Kikei. Kitoo Ki 几董忌 (きとうき) Takai Kito / LINKS KOBO DAISHI, Kukai (Kooboo Daishi, Kuukai) 弘法大師　空海 Winter Kigo for him. KUYA, Saint Kuya, Kuya Shonin 空也 (903-72) Priest of the Pure Land Sect Kuuya-Ki 空也忌 (くうやき) Kuuya Nenbutsu 空也念仏 ..... Hachi Tataki 鉢叩 Memorial Service for Kuuya Shoonin MISHIMA , Mishima Yukio, Yukio Mishima (三島 由紀夫) Kimitake Hiraoka (平岡 公威) January 14, 1925–November 25, 1970. Author and playwright. Mishima Ki 三島忌 (みしまき) Yuukoku Ki 憂国忌（ゆうこくき） Yukio Ki由紀夫忌（ゆきおき） Yukio Mishima / FACTS - - - Descending to the depths of Yukio Mishima’s ‘Sea of Fertility’ - source : Japan Times, August 2015 - MYOE 明恵 (Myooe, Myo-E, Myōe) Toomyoo Myoe 東明慧日 文永9年（1272） － 暦応3年/興国元年10月4日（1340, October 25） Buddhist monk active during the Kamakura period Myooe-Ki 明慧忌 (みょうえき） Toomyoo enichi 東明慧日（とうみょうえにち) Myōe / FACTS MYOOSHIN-JI Temple Founder 妙心寺開山 Kanzan Egen Zenji 関山慧玄 慧玄（かんざんえげん、無相大師） Founded in the year 1342 by the venerable Zen Master Kanzan-Egen Zenji (1277-1360) Myooshinji Kaisan-Ki 妙心寺開山忌 (みょうしんじかいさんき) Kanzan Ki 関山忌（かんざんき） Musoo Ki 無相忌（むそうき） Temple Myoshin-Ji / FACTS Pandit Jawaharlal NEHRU India. Frost- Hemant Season of India Birthday on November 14 NICOLAUS, Saint Nicolaus, Santa Claus St. Nicholas. Nikolaus. December 6. OTSUJI, Oosuga Otsuji 大須賀乙字 (Seki Osuga) Poet from Fukushima. 明治１４：１８８１～大正９：１９２０年１月２０日 Otsuji Ki 乙字忌 (おつじき ) Kanrai Ki 寒雷忌（かんらいき） Hatsuka Ki 二十日忌（はつかき） Osuga Otsuji / LINKS RANSETSU, Hattori Ransetsu 服部嵐雪 (はっとりらんせつ) 承応3年（1654年） - 宝永4年10月13日（1707年11月6日） Ransetsu Ki 嵐雪忌 らんせつき ROOBEN, Priest Roben 良弁僧正 689 - 773; postum: Konshō gyōja). Abbot at temple Todai-Ji Nara Rooben-Ki 良弁忌 ROOKA, Saint Roka of the temple Zuisen-Ji November 11, October 9. (1672 - 1703) Haiku poet and disciple of Basho. Rooka Ki 浪化忌 (ろうかき) RYOKAN, Ryokan San (Ryookan 良寛) (1758–1831) Ryōkan Taigu Ryookan-Ki 良寛忌 SEKITEI, Hara Sekitei 原石鼎 December 20. (1889 ~ 1951) Haiku Poet of the Hototogisu group. Sekitei Ki 石鼎忌 (せきていき) Hara Sekitei / LINKS SHINRAN, Saint Shinran, Shinran Shoonin　親鸞聖人 Saint Shinran 親鸞聖人 Goshoo-Ki 御正忌 Memorial Services at Temple Hongan-Ji hooonkoo 報恩講（ほうおんこう） Ho-onko, Hoonko, Hoon-Ko service for Shinran Betsuji Nenbutsu-E 別時念仏会 Memorial Service for Shinran Shoonin Otorikoshi 御取越　Memorial Ceremony for Shinran Shoonin Okoonagi 御講凪 Memorial Ceremony for Shinran Shoonin . Honganji 本願寺 Hongan-Ji, Hongwanji . Kyoto SOOJOO, Hino Sojo, Hino Soojoo 日野草城 1901年（明治34年）7月18日 - 1956年（昭和31年）1月29日） Soojoo Ki 草城忌 (そうじょうき) "Crane in the Cold" Day, Itezuru Ki 凍鶴忌（いてづるき） Kairui Ki 鶴唳忌（かくるいき） Tookaku Ki 東鶴忌（とうかくき） "Silver Day", Shirogane 銀忌（しろがねき） SOOKAN, Yamazaki Sokan 山崎宗鑑 October 2. 1465-1553. Haikai and renga poet. Sookan Ki 宗鑑忌 (そうかんき) SOOSEKI, Natsume Soseki 夏目漱石 9 February 1867 - 9 December 1916. Novelist of the Meiji Era Sooseki Ki 漱石忌 (そうせきき) STEPHEN, Saint Stephen Ireland St Stephen was the first Martyr in Christian history. TEITOKU, Matsunaga Teitoku 松永貞德 November 15. (1571-1653) Founder of the Teitoku Haiku Group. Teitoku Ki 貞德忌 (ていとくき) Matsunaga Teitoku / LINKS TOOFUKUJI Temple Founder 東福寺開山 Kaisan-Ki 東福寺開山忌 Memorial Day for the Founder of Temple Tofuku-Ji His name was Enni Ben’en 圓爾辯圓 (1201–1280). Shooichi Ki, Sei Ichi Ki 聖一忌 (しょういちき) （せいいちき) Kokushi Ki 国師忌（こくしき） Bentoo Osame 行廚納 (べんとうおさめ) The temple was established in 1236 by the chancellor Kujo Michiie 九条道家 (1192–1252) Temple Tofukuji / FACTS Temple Name: Tofuku-ji 東福寺/ More FACTS TORAHIKO, Terada Torahiko 寺田 寅彦 November 28, 1878 - December 31, 1935 Physicist and author Torahiko Ki 寅彦忌 (とらひこき) // Tora Hiko Ki 寅日子忌（とらひこき) Fuyuhiko Ki 冬彦忌（ふゆひこき） . yosamusa ya hyakki yagyoo no emakimono . Torahiko Terada / FACTS Xavier, Saint Francis Xavier Sei Sabieru no hi 聖ザビエルの日 (せいざびえるのひ) Day of Saint Xavier YAICHI, Aizu Yaichi 会津 八一 August 1, 1881 - November 21, 1956 Poet, calligrapher and historian. Yaichi Ki 八一忌 (やいちき) Shuusoo Ki 秋艸忌（しゅうそうき） Konsai Ki 渾斎忌（こんさいき） Aizu Yaichi / FACTS YOKOMITSU, Yokomitsu Riichi (横光利一) 17 March 1898 - 30 December 1947) Autor. Friend of Kyoshi. 横光忌 よこみつき Ri-Ichi 利一忌（りいちき） Ri-Ichi no Ki 利一の忌（りいちのき） Riichi Yokomitsu / FACTS YUIMA, Vimalakirti 維摩 The first Zen Buddhist Master. Yuima-E 維摩会 (ゆいまえ) Ceremony for Yuima Koofukuji Yuima e 興福寺維摩会（こうふくじゆいまえ） ..... Joomyoo e 浄名会（じょうみょうえ） (Jomyo is another name fro Yuima, Vimalakirti.) ................................................................................. Not in the Japanese Saijiki Martin Luther King, Jr. Day USA January 15

. WKD Kigo Calendar - the 12 Months .
Check here for the most important days.


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